National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program

Information for American Indians and Alaska Natives

People who identify as American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) include:

Members of federally-recognized tribes

Members of state-recognized tribes

Members of a tribe not recognized by either federal or state governments

Central and South American Indians

First Nations peoples (Canada)

People with AI/AN ancestry but no tribal affiliation

People may identify as AI/AN alone, or in combination with other races, too.

Learn more about how All of Us is working with tribes across the U.S. and what that means for participants.

All of Us seeks to partner with many different groups across the country—especially those that have been left out of research in the past. As part of those efforts, we met with tribal leaders at formal meetings called “consultations.” These meetings helped us learn more about tribal leaders’ and community members’ views so we can support research in a way that best protects and benefits participants and AI/AN communities.

In March 2021, we put out a report about what we heard from those discussions. This input helped us make plans for the program.

People who identify as American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) include:

Members of federally-recognized tribes

Members of state-recognized tribes

Members of a tribe not recognized by either federal or state governments

Central and South American Indians

First Nations peoples (Canada)

People with AI/AN ancestry but no tribal affiliation

People may identify as AI/AN alone, or with other races, too.

Highlights from the Tribal Consultation Report

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1. How Individual Participation Can Affect AI/AN Communities

AI/AN individuals and communities may face unique harms and benefits. For example, some tribal leaders are concerned about how conclusions made about AI/AN participants might hurt tribal communities as a whole, or that research practices may not follow tribal cultural practices. It's also possible that discoveries that benefit members of other tribal communities may also end up directly benefiting other AI/AN participants. All of Us will work with AI/AN experts, tribal leaders and traditional medicine practitioners who can review proposed research projects and identify potential harms to AI/AN communities. AI/AN participants from Tribal Nations are encouraged to talk with their tribal leaders about potential risks and benefits of their participation.

2. Data Privacy and Identity Protection

Before we share any data with researchers, we remove information that can directly identify individuals, including names, addresses, and more. But even so, when members of small populations participate in research, it may be easier for these people to be re-identified. That also means that it may be easier to connect an individual with a certain community. Researchers who want access to All of Us data must agree they won’t try to re-identify participants.

3. Handling and Disposal of Samples

If an AI/AN participant decides to withdraw from the program or passes away, we won’t do anything with their samples right away. Instead, we will wait until we are notified about how that person wanted us to dispose of their samples. Then we will implement a plan that honors their wishes.

4. Respecting and Supporting Tribes

All of Us respects that tribes are sovereign nations, with their own governments and laws. We will encourage research on topics that are important to tribes. We will create materials to educate researchers about tribal views. We will work to partner with tribal organizations that want to be part of the program. And we will never share the tribal affiliations of AI/AN participants or recruit on tribal lands unless a tribe agrees.

5. Respecting and Supporting AI/AN Urban Communities

Many AI/AN people don’t live on tribal lands. We will work with urban AI/AN leaders when doing AI/AN recruitment efforts outside of tribal communities.

6. Engaging and Including AI/AN People and Tribal Leaders

All of Us is committed to including AI/AN people among those who make decisions about the program. We will invite AI/AN researchers to use All of Us data. And we will continue to ask tribal leaders, tribal organizations, and experts in AI/AN research to give us advice.

These are only a few of the topics from our tribal consultation report. If you identify as AI/AN and wish to join All of Us, we ask that you:

Read the report summary or the full report.
Consider speaking with your tribal leaders about participating in All of Us if you are a tribal member.
Contact us with questions. You can reach us at [email protected] or (844) 842-2855.

We know that people have many different views about taking part in research. You get to choose what’s right for you. Everyone must weigh the risks and benefits for themselves, their families, and their communities. We respect your decision and welcome feedback.

READ THE REPORT SUMMARY